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To Involve Students in the Writing and Extend Students\' Views of Language and Literacy Submitted by ace on 2010-09-01
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In Britton\'s model, all writing begins as expressive and then, if the writer chooses, develops into \"mature\" writing in one of the dominant modes— expressive, transactional, or poetic. Self-directed writing utilizes all aspects of the writing process, from idea generation to polishing, editing, proofreading, and publishing. Some of the pieces students write are shared with their peers; some are not. I may ask them to share one piece of their writing for a peer response; I may ask them to read aloud one piece of their writing in a small group for oral feedback. Some Tag Heuer Replica Watches(http://www.genuinekopi.com/tag-heuer-c-444.html)  pieces are graded; others are not. They decide the pieces they want to share, and they choose the pieces they want to submit for a grade. But anything they submit for a grade is a finished piece, a piece they have shared with peers and with me for feedback, and a piece they\'ve revised, edited, and carefully proofread.\r\n \r\nIn other words, much of what they write is unfinished and unpolished but writing nevertheless— writing about this and that. Writing for themselves. And, some of these pieces they will select to share with others, get feedback, revise, and submit for evaluation.\r\n\r\nWhen students are given opportunities to write about their own topics and to write for different purposes and audiences, they learn that language need not be as rigid as they might have thought. In an environment that allows for difference, students are amazingly inventive, and they are eager to share their knowledge and abilities. All students, regardless of their previous exposure to Standard English, whether mainstream or nonmainstream students should gain an understanding of language differences in their educational experiences, and the writing classroom is the ideal place for such learning to begin. Through their experiences reading other students\' work or talking about language choices in class discussions, students learn about language as a dynamic cultural entity, and they are eager to discover its uses in their self-directed writing.\r\n\r\nIn an eight-week period, students may write as many as 30 pieces, some of which they have shared with their peers for feedback and have revised. When they submit their mid-term portfolio, I ask them to select four or five pieces to feature for evaluation, and I specify that the pieces they select should Tag Heuer Replica(http://www.bestwatches4u.com/tag-heuer-c-444.html)  show the range of their abilities and the reach of their exploration. I also ask them to submit all their other pieces too as evidence of their work, and the ones they don\'t want me to read they simply fold. These self-directed pieces are evaluated as part of the entire portfolio, which earns a single grade based on the student\'s progress toward achieving the course goals.\r\n

Article No is 5365 Category is Experience

A Sampling of Tropes Submitted by elle on 2010-08-30
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1. Allegories\r\nAllegories are extended metaphors that illustrate an important attribute of the subject. Many fantasies, including the Harry Potter books, are allegorical in nature. They have enough relationship to the real world that readers inductively begin making comparisons, as when Rowling describes the various prejudices that exist among the different kinds of magicians and also between magical people and Muggles. That Rowling creates a special name for Muggles shows that we ordinary people are the outsiders, what linguists call the marked form. Also, her name for mudbloods (people like Hermione and even Lord Voldemort who have only one magical parent) is an allegory for the way English speakers express hostility by saying that someone\'s name is mud or the way some people express racial prejudice by referring to someone as a half-breed or a mixed-blood.\r\n\r\n2. Allusions\r\nAllusions are indirect references to earlier works of literature or art. Dumbledore\'s phoenix bird is a good example of how many allusions Rowling can pack into a name. The species name of Phoenix comes from a mythical Egyptian bird that after living for something like 500 years builds its own funeral pyre, fans the flames with its wings, and then is reincarnated. Dumbledore\'s phoenix bird can do something similar. The bird\'s individual name of Fawkes appropriately begins with the sound of Phoenix and ends like hawks. It also reminds some readers of England\'s political rebel and martyr Guy Fawkes (1570—1606), from whom we get the word guy to refer to a friend or companion, and whose birthday is celebrated in England by the lighting of bonfires.\r\n\r\nOther examples from famous old stories include the names of Percy\'s owl, Hermes, cf. the messenger of the Gods; the egocentric Narcissa Malfoy, cf. the conceited young man who fell in love with his reflection in a pool of water and drowned; the security guard Argus Filch, cf. the giant with 100 eyes who was killed by Hermes; the wise Professor Minerva McGonagall, cf. the Roman goddess of wisdom and war; and the snake Nagini that holds part of Lord Voldemort\'s soul, cf. Rudyard Kipling\'s Nag and Nagaina cobras in his Rikki-Tikki-Tavi tales.\r\n\r\n3. Archaisms\r\n\r\nArchaisms are old-fashioned words and phrases that lend a sense of dignity or mysticism to an author\'s work. One way Rowling does this is to rely on Latin roots for such spells as the crutiatus curse, which is an unforgivable curse that causes intense pain. The root is crux, meaning cross or gallows as seen in such English terms as crucial, to crucify, and crucifix. In a less somber example, she uses the old-fashioned mead in the name of the town of Hogs-meade, where wizards go to The Hog\'s Head tavern and The Three Broomsticks bar and restaurant to drink such concoctions as Elderflower, instead of Elderberry wine, and Butterbeer, instead of buttermilk or root beer.\r\n\r\n4. Circumlocution\r\nCircumlocution means \"talking around\" a topic. One way of doing this is to euphemize, which means to use beautiful or euphonious words in place of ordinary words. For example, the curse   Impedimenta! (from impede) sounds more euphonious than \"Trip him!\" or \"Tie his feet.\" The name of Madame Maxime Olympe, who is a giant but prefers to describe herself as \"large-boned,\" is euphemistic enough that readers can  be  amused  rather than embarrassed when Rowling lightens the sadness Tag Heuer Replica Watches(http://www.genuinekopi.com/tag-heuer-c-444.html)  of Professor Dumbledore\'s funeral by saying that Madame Maxime took up two-and-a-half of the  folding chairs that had been set out on the lawn.\r\n\r\n5. Hyperbole\r\nHyperbole is the use of exaggerated terms for emphasis as with the trick candy named Ton Tongue Toffee. It makes the eater\'s tongue grow huge, but certainly no one\'s tongue could weigh a ton. Auxesis is a form of hyperbole, in which more-important-sounding words are used in place of ordinary descriptive terms as when the Petrificus Totalus! charm sounds more important than does \"totally paralyzed,\" just as Priori Incantatem sounds more important than \"What you just said.\"\r\n

Article No is 5288 Category is Experience

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