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Framing Self-Directed Writing Submitted by jacqueline on 2010-08-31
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James Britton et al.\'s theory of writing development is a useful framework for understanding the role of self-directed writing in composition instruction. Britton\'s notion of \"expressive\" writing is often misunderstood to mean only writing about the self, but it is much more than that. In Britton\'s model, expressive writing is the basis for the three principal functions of writing: Poetic, Expressive, and Transactional (see fig. 1).\r\n\r\nExpressive is the most important term in this model. Britton describes it as \"an utterance that \'stays close to the speaker\'. ... It is a verbalization of the speaker\'s immediate preoccupations and his mood of the moment.\" He goes on to say: \"it is an utterance at its most relaxed and intimate, as free as possible Tight Jeans(http://www.discountjuicy.com)  from outside demands, whether those of a task or of an audience.\" According to Britton, the expressive mode is the way we relate to each other in speech and the way we frame the first drafts of new ideas (Britton et al. 82).\r\n\r\nBritton makes an important point about the development of writing ability in that not everyone\'s first attempts at writing are expressive. However, he reminds us that it is a key element in writing instruction: \"it must be true that until a [student] does write expressively he is failing to feed into the writing process the fullness of his linguistic resources—the knowledge of words and structures he has built up in speech—and that it will take him longer to arrive at the point where writing can serve a range of his purposes as broad and diverse as the purposes for which he uses speech\" (Britton et al. 82).\r\n\r\nI suspect many teachers interpret \"expressive\" to mean writing about or for the self, that is, on topics obviously close to the writer\'s experience and therefore easier (i.e., not as much cognitive load; more time for students to deal with other aspects of writing). I don\'t think many teachers even consider language itself as a variable in this respect. They don\'t associate \"expressive\" with home language or natural language; rather, they expect students to write in Standard English or in their best approximation of school writing. Students, too, because they learn writing in the schools, are not likely to use their home language or even feel comfortable using it in school. In working with her Creole-speaking students, for example, Eileen Kennedy invited them to write in Creole, but she wasn\'t successful at first because they had never done it and some didn\'t know how (there were no orthographic standards). However, when she began to share her experiences with language prejudice and gained their trust, they began to experiment with their language. Kennedy reports that enabling her students to write in their home language was instrumental in helping them acquire the conventions of Standard English. Britton et al.\'s description of expressive writing includes the student\'s home and community language and supports the legitimacy and instructional power of language differences in the classroom.\r\n\r\nWhen students write expressively, they should be encouraged to draw on the resources of their language as they write about the ideas that matter to them the most. In Britton\'s theory, students begin their exploration in the expressive mode, and as their writing progresses, it moves into \"the three different kinds of mature writing.\" In the \"mature\" expressive mode, the writing is Cheap Jeans(http://www.discountjuicy.com)  intended for some audience other than the writer, but the presence of the writer remains a focal point in the text. If the writing moves toward the transactional mode, it becomes more explicit, more context-independent, more tightly organized, and less personal. If it moves toward the poetic mode, it becomes a \"verbal object,\" with emphasis on the internal structure of the piece—the form becomes the focus of attention.\r\n\r\n

Article No is 5320 Category is Fantasy

Stretch Marks – How to Skip Them? Submitted by luxca on 2010-08-20
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Thanks to the advances of modern medicine and modern (http://iplequipment.ec51.com) beauty machine, stretch marks removal has become the new fad for thousands of woman who wish to eliminate these nasty marks from their body. If you wish to prevent stretch marks there are several things that you need to know first. So, let\'s find more about stretch marks and the ways that you can combat them.\r\n\r\nWhat Are Stretch Marks?\r\nStretch mark, also known as striae by dermatologists, is a skin disorder produced by different kind of occurrences. However, the instance is the same; for a determined reason there is an overstretching of the skin. This interrupts the production of collagen, the protein that our body uses for connecting our tissue.\r\n\r\nAs a consequence, a scar is produced. This phenomenon can cover a small piece of the skin or even a large one, depending on the trauma that the patient has suffered. Right now, 90% of the pregnant women in America suffer from this problem. Another interesting statistic is that 70% of adolescent females have it (this may be due to the overweight problem that affects America) and 40% of the adolescent males (in their case is due to the practice of sports).\r\n\r\nSo, what kind of ailment can produce this? One of the most common ones is pregnancy. At the beginning of the pregnancy, the stretching of the skin is barely noticeable. However, as the months advance, it is more than obvious that the skin overstretched. Unfortunately, the majority of women do not take any measures in advanced. This affects the skin and ruins it. What is even worse, many of these women are obese adults. Imagine the state in which their skin will end. Even through the (http://skincaredevice.diytrade.com) beauty equipment store can solved the problem, but natural method to cure is best.\r\n\r\nAnother common cause, especially in the last decades when fitness and the use of chemicals become the new fad, is the striae caused by exercise. Believe it or not, when your muscle grows too fast, then the surrounding skin will be affected. That\'s why you should consult a professional fitness physician before starting an intensive exercise program.\r\n\r\nSo, the question is: how to remove stretch marks? There are many ways in which we can treat and prevent stretch marks,for (http://skincareequipment.en.ec21.com) beauty equipment. However, all of them depend in how responsible we are with our bodies. \r\n\r\n\r\nCopy right by Dr. Liliy, she is a (http://beautyequip.en.busytrade.com) laser hair removal equipment expert, but sometimes she do not agree with use (http://www.tradevv.com/chinasuppliers/ivychen8880) permanent hair removal equipment easily.

Article No is 4918 Category is Fantasy

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