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Several hundred companies subscribe to the Nielsen ratings Submitted by elle on 2010-08-04
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A national rating represents the percentage of sample homes tuned in to the same show. For instance,  if a program scores a rating of 20 for the week, that means that 20 percent of the sample homes had that show tuned in for at least six minutes (about 199 sets out of the average 993 reporting). A rating is the estimated percentage of television homes (households with television sets) that Merrell Shoes On Sale(http://www.merrellonsale.com)  watched a program, projected from the sample data. In 1999, one rating point represented 994,000 U.S. homes.\r\n\r\nNielsen also reports what percentage of households actually watching television is tuned in to a particular program. This number is called \"share of audience.\"27 In Au-gust 1990, HBO\'s presentation of the Madonna concert \"Madonna—Live! Blonde Ambition World Tour 90\" became the highest-rated program, excluding sports, in the history of cable. The show drew a 21.5 Nielsen Media Research rating, and a 31 share—numbers that translated into an audience of 4.3 million households.28 In spring 1995, CNN\'s coverage of the Oklahoma City bombing raised its ratings to their highest level since the Persian Gulf War in 1991, eclipsing the record previously set by CNN viewership of the O. J. Simpson trial.29 In August 1998, CNN\'s coverage of Clinton\'s admission of a relationship with Monica Lewinsky drew that outlet\'s largest audience of the year, 5.4 million households.\r\n\r\nRatings provide an indication of the sorts of activities still capable of assembling a mass audience. The first night of the Gulf War attracted an audience of 133 million; 95 million viewed OJ. Simpson\'s chase in the white Bronco; Clinton\'s admission that he had had a relationship with Monica Lewinsky drew 67.6 million viewers; and about 33 million viewers watched Princess Dianas funeral, which began airing at 6:00 A.M., eastern time.\r\n\r\nSeveral hundred companies (advertising agencies, advertisers, program suppliers, and the networks) subscribe to the Nielsen ratings, but the networks are the largest customers, as judged by the prices they pay for the service. Networks rely on Nielsen for about 90 percent of their information, and each pays Nielsen roughly $ 10 million a year for its services.\r\n\r\nOne weakness in the ratings is that they measure viewing demographically—by age, income, education, and family size—and demographics have little to do with interests, tastes, attitudes, or activities. The ratings are distorted to an extent because they do not reflect viewing in hotels, hospitals, bars, prisons, clubs, summer camps, military bases, college dormitories, or homes for the elderly.\r\n\r\nAudience measurement changed dramatically with the introduction of a device known as the \"people meter.\" Originally marketed in Europe by the London-based company AGB Research, this device instantly analyzes the age, sex, and income of viewers. These are the demographics of greatest interest to advertisers. The people meter resembles the handheld remote control devices that many people now own. The meter has buttons assigned to individual members of a family. A watcher punches in when starting to view a program and punches out when leaving. A central computer monitors who is watching what and when. The people meter not only indicates more accurately who is watching but also provides better data than diaries on what is being watched. With the proliferation of cable channels and other independent stations, diary Merrell(http://www.merrellshoesstore.com)  keepers found it increasingly difficult to record their own viewing. The meter eliminates that problem. Moreover, because it gives a minute-by-minute account of viewing, rather than the fifteen-minute report from the diary, the people meter is better able to tell a specific advertiser who is watching their ads. Nielsen began using such meters in thefallofl987.\r\n\r\n\r\n

Article No is 4213 Category is News

US Secretary of the Treasury Beijing Submitted by endeavor15 on 2010-07-06
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The following styles and colors you can find in our store. Each IWC Replica Watches is made of highest quality.Your favourite Replica Breitling watches! \r\n\r\n\r\nThank you very much Mr Ambassador. Thank you very much for all your kindness and hospitality during our visit. The ambassador and I have been spending a great deal of time together, as we have called upon the economic and political leaders of your great country.\r\n\r\nLet me say that we have had a series of very good meetings, very important meetings and, to me, very encouraging meetings. So, let me begin by thanking my hosts for inviting me to Beijing and my colleagues from the Treasury Department to discuss issues of mutual interest to our two countries. (6) I\'ve been to China many times in the past in a private capacity, as a businessman. This is my first opportunity to be here in my new capacity as a representative of the United States government. I want to state how much I appreciate the hospitality, the warmth and the friendship that have been extended to us, to me and to the Treasury delegation, throughout the course of our discussions. I\'m honored this afternoon to have the opportunity to continue those discussions with the premier, with Premier Wen. In all of these discussions I have found the Chinese leaders open, frank and encouraging of the close ties and the close working relationship between our two countries.\r\n\r\nWhen President Bush visited China and met with President Jiang Zemin, President Bush said, and I want to quote him here because I think his quote sets the foundation for this relationship. He said, \"China and the United States, both with significant influence in the world, should step up dialogue and cooperation, properly handle their differences, and work together to move the constructive and cooperative relations between us further forward.\" Our talks this week are fully in keeping with the spirit of President Bush\'s comments.\r\n\r\nIt\'s been our view for some time that the best international economic system\', the best for China, and the best for the United States, and the best for the whole trading world is one based on the principle of free trade, open markets, free capital flows, and market-based exchange rates, among the major economies. China is now clearly one of the major economies of the world. It\'s with these principles in mind, these ideas in mind, that I am here to discuss our economic relationship with the Chinese leaders and to encourage China to continue to take advantage of its strong growth to accelerate progress in all of these areas. The growth which China has enjoyed makes it easier to move further in the direction of open markets and floating exchange rates and free capital flows and to advance these ideas within the economy of China for the benefit of the Chinese people. Another area that is important is the free flow of capital. The free flow of capital is a fundamental component of our global system of international trade and international finance. While I applaud and welcome the recent policy changes that allow for greater capital mobility, it\'s in China\'s interest to accelerate these efforts. For example, it would be beneficial to expand the qualified institutional investor programs, to increase both portfolio inflows and portfolio outflows. It would also be advantageous to liberalize the long-term debt transactions, and overall to create open capital markets. As we talked to the Chinese economic leaders, we emphasized over and over the necessity to develop open capital markets. They really are the key to the success of a market-based economy. Finally, let me turn to the subject of exchange rates, because the subject of exchange rates has also been much in discussion among us. The establishment of flexible exchange rates, of a flexible exchange rate regime, would benefit both our nations as well as our regional and global trading partners. Market-determined floating currencies are really the key to a well-functioning international financial system. For the world\'s major traders, only freely floating currencies bring the accuracy and the efficiency necessary for the proper pricing account settlement in capital flows. That\'s really our central point, that floating rates, market-based, flexible exchanges create the signals for a well-functioning flow of resources on a global basis. There\'s ultimately no substitute for that. We\'ve learned over the years that rigidities of all kinds, including rigidities in exchange rate mechanisms; tend to distort the proper functioning of markets. Open competitive markets with little or no interference are essential. They are really needed to insure that people and investment capital can seek out the best ideas and opportunities.  How do economies grow? How do they prosper? They grow and prosper by bringing people with ideas together with people with capital. Then, we can see those ideas flower in the marketplace, with new products and new services. \r\n

Article No is 3085 Category is News

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